The Places feature’s default loophole is a risky move for Facebook considering the Privacy Settings firestorm they have been weathering this past year.  It seems as though they have not learned an important usability lesson: Comfortability. Features that have the potential to impact a user’s privacy should not be default settings; users should have to activate them.  If a user freely chooses to have an operational Places feature then they are responsible for the accompanying risks but they should not be punished by the default settings trap.   If Facebook and all of your friends can know your location or even make up your location then is there really any space left for privacy at all? How comfortable can a user be with a user interface that is deceptive?

When George Orwell predicted that future technology would one day police all of our activities, he wasn’t too far off from the truth.  Needless to say that many services like Facebook offer significant benefits to user, and although many users around the world happily and voluntarily join such services, people today would be hard pressed to escape technological monitoring from passport control to personal banking.  Although it is a far stretch to compare Facebook to Big Brother, it is worth pondering what Orwell himself would think about the social networking site’s ability to pervade nearly every aspect of our lives.  He might actually be quite impressed.

Instant Interface Design Sorrow

My mother groaned, my father wept:

Into their shopping cart unwanted things leapt,

Helpless, overcharged but arrestingly proud,

Feeling like a fiend was hid in ‘the cloud’.

Who to blame when the mouse was in my father’s hands,

Well poor usability & interface design will hurt a brand,

Placing the ‘Cancel’ button a nanometer from ‘Buy’ is not best,

Especially with a return policy worse than the rest.

The first poem is based on The Garden of Love by William Blake; the second was inspired by Infant Sorrow by William Blake. The idea behind this series of blog posts is to look at famous poems and use them to shed light on issues that affect usability, wireframes and interface design. If any of you have some suggestions of poems that you would like for us to interpolate please feel free to do so by leaving a comment with your request.

You surely remember those times in school when you had to read some of the great works of literature in school. Whether or not you liked them, here are two examples of great poetry that we have turned into usability poetry, taking the original works as inspiration and exploring some of the topics of modern usability research. Enjoy!

Ode to a Skinned Interface Design
I went to the link my friend sent me,
And I saw what I never had seen;
An ad banner was built in the midst,
Where I used to click on the screen.

With no choice but to scroll down I did frown,
My friend’s interface design was upside down,
Like a tourist with no clue I looked around lost in town,
‘Cause there were no breadcrumbs to be found.

A millisecond too long I located local navigation,
Thinking ‘they sure could use a wireframe tool for their creations’.
With findability resolved these usability problems would dissolve
And, in tow, his search engine ranking would evolve.

In part 2 of this 2-part blog post I shall look at Search Engine Optimization and tree-testing in relation to findability.

Search Engine Optimization can help improve the findability of your website

How you organize the structure of your website’s content as well as how you implement web standards and conventions is important for search engine optimization (SEO) because search engines can only react to standard representations. In addition, the organization of your interface design affects its SEO ranking. Considering that search engines are arguably the most commonly used online tool, a website’s search ranking can potentially make or break a website. Simply put, search engine optimization is the art of science of increasing traffic to a given website. This is done by optimizing structure, text content, photos and videos to increase a website’s visibility on search engines and other web 2.0 portals such as Facebook. Another way of doing this is through interface design whereby a website appears the same in different web browsers, and without errors. After all what good is it to create a wonderful interface design if it may appear broken to a significant number of users. Using a number of different portals to generate more inbound traffic from different sources also results in higher search engine rankings which begets more traffic. Other considerations of SEO, even though they don’t necessarily have much to do with interface design proper, include incorporating particular keywords and key phrases even and recoding a website to make it more crawl-able by search engines.

Usability tests can help determine the findability of your site content

As mentioned in part 1 of this blog, the best way to determine the findability of your interface design’s content is to conduct iterative usability testing. One usability method that is particularly helpful when evaluating and optimizing findability is tree testing. The information architecture of interface designs is in most cases organized in hierarchies. These are referred to as trees (with subsections “branching” out). Tree testing, also known as card-based classification or reverse card sorting, seeks to find out how well users are able to find information within a website’s hierarchy. Remember, tree testing differs from traditional usability testing in that it is not done on a wireframe prototype or the website itself but on using cards (or software) of a simplified text version of the site structure. A typical tree test is as follows:

1.    Users are given a “find it” task (e.g. look for the breakfast menu).
2.    Users are then shown a list of the top topics on the website (as they might appear in the main navigation)
3.    They choose one and then are shown a list of subtopics (such as in a sub-menu of a navigation)
4.    They continue choosing, backtracking if necessary, until they have found a topic that completes their task.
5.    The test conductor has the user repeat this process several times with several different tasks
6.    After several users have completed the tree test, the results are analyzed by the design and development team.

For the reasons mentioned above, findability should be an important consideration of every interface designer.

In this two part blog post I shall look at findability and the crucial role it plays in the interface design of websites. In part 1 of the blog I shall explain what findability is and what the main issues are affecting findability on a website.

What is findability?

Findability, in computer science, refers to a user’s ability to identify and then navigate the interface designs of websites or web-apps. It encompasses aspects of information architecture, user interface design, accessibility and search engine optimization. The term findability is credited to Peter Morville who remarked that “findability precedes usability. In the alphabet and on the Web. You can’t use what you can’t find.” In this vein findability is two-pronged, on one hand dealing with users finding a website. On the other hand it deals with how users find things that they are looking for, such as the help section or contact details etc., on a given website. According to Neilson Online currently there are more than 1,733,993,741 internet users generating and interacting with vast streams of data. Findability helps ensure your website doesn’t get lost in the mix and, when found, not to be deserted by frustrated users who in all likelihood won’t return, barring a thorough reworking of the interface design.
If you are developing a website with a new user interface and are interested in optimizing your website’s ability to be located by prospective users on the internet, then it is important to infuse your design process with adequate research about the above mentioned topics.

Issues affecting findability on a website
Findability concerns itself with the effort to make a user interface design easily navigable or usable and to ensure that the interface design process is fully integrated and effective. Key to findability is the organization and representation of a user interface design.  This refers to among others, the layout, the use of breadcrumbs and local navigation. Are users able to easily navigate a website and find the services they were looking for? If they found themselves in the middle of a website (which happens often as people share direct links) would they be able to figure out where in the hierarchy they were?  These issues can easily be revolved by adhering to web standards and through iterative usability testing of wireframe prototypes created with the use of wireframe tools such as pidoco. Another important issue affecting findability is the qualities of your web-site’s content and how it is geared towards search engine optimization.

Copying or paying tribute to the Bing interface design?

While it is no doubt an excellent idea to reinvigorate a user interface (especially when you make an images interface all about the images), the changes to Google Images are not necessarily new per se.  Google’s new interface design is strikingly similar to Bing.com’s Images user interface design—in fact it is almost uncanny.

Of course it would be unfair to call Google unoriginal in its interface design choices.  After all, it’s the details of an interface design that matter in the world of good usability.  In this case, Google seems to have picked up a good interface design idea and improved it through yet a more prominent display of the images through their larger size.  Everything that rises out of the creative world is influenced by what came before it.  Good ideas are infectious and if Google took a page from Bing’s website then that means they obviously liked what they saw.  That is the give and take in the world of interface design, painting, even literature.  Variations of what is working well for someone else.  Still, time will tell how well Google’s users respond to the new changes.  But for now, Google continues to surf the wave of internet success, being authentic in many instances, but also not afraid to concede and adopt good interface design solutions.

But now let’s look at the interface design features that struck me: OnLive’s interface design is, in a word, cinematic. Upon starting the program a small overlay opens up requesting log in details. The background of the menu screen is made up of a number of small screens with running games, supposedly being played that moment by other users. The layout of the interface design is nicely suited to video games as there aren’t too many menu options, and it’s clearly designed to be easily navigable with a control pad. Choosing one of the menu options, such as the Marketplace game store, reveals breadcrumbs at the top of the interface design – one of those usability best practices. When acquiring a demo, the top right of the interface design layout of the games menu displays how much more time users have to play the game until they must purchase or rent the full-version. All in all, this is an interface design that is refreshing and easy-to-use, which is a great plus with online gaming services.

OnLive’s greatest challenge to date is keeping the lag down to a minimum of micro seconds. When streaming video, buffering time of 3 seconds is manageable. While playing a video game, 3 seconds could well mean game over. OnLive feels to me like a service intended for use two years from now (ready for use in Japan). The service is currently only available in the US where only 25% of broadband connections are faster than the 5 Mbps threshold needed to use it. Despite this, the service holds promise, working and sporting the same interface design on multiple formats such as PC, Mac, Linux, TV and even the iPad, which may make it a triumph of interface design.

What else has changed?

Users with a WizeHive account can now log in with their Google account. This enables them to access Google Docs from within WizeHive’s interface design and link the appropriate documents to specific workspaces. Data can also now be tagged thus adding to the usability of the software tool offering users a way of organizing information in way that is meaningful to them. In addition to these changes, WizeHive has released a free iPhone app that manages to cram as much of the functionality of the web-app into an interface design that fits the iPhone’s smaller screen real estate. Changes such as these further underscore WizeHive’s easy-to-use collaborative interface design concept and point into a future direction of pushing aspects like collaboration and mobility even further.

Overall, the interface design changes seem to have a positive effect on the usability of the application and they may be a good example for other tools to follow.

How do users use the Guardian’s interface design?

For Phil Gyford, this meant creating a website with a unique interface design that features nothing more than a page that starts with the leading article from the daily newspaper. The date features at the very top of the page. The main navigation options are clicking right and left (for next and previous article respectively) thus meaning that users have no option but to read articles in the order presented. Users can however jump between sections (namely the main section, sport, g2, and film & music) right from what the developer has tentatively called the “sparkline/scrubber” at the top of the interface design. This same area of the interface design also indicates in red the current page as well as article length for users to be aware of where they stand in reading the daily edition.

Further considerations of this interface design

The choice in interface design works with the developer’s intention to improve the readability of the news content as there is no other clutter (in the form of links to all sorts of other articles, adverts etc.) around the article, which means that users can fully focus on one article. This consideration is of particular interest as studies have shown reading speeds on digital displays to be up to 10% lower than for traditional print products. The clean interface design of the Guardian also adds to the finishability of a day’s worth of news, something very irksome to achieve going through a traditional news website’s every subsection. A feature that I feel could be added is a calendar that allows users to jump to a specific date (for those who missed reading yesterday’s newspaper for example).

Usability, user experience and a user interface design to match are key. You can have a great product that does a whole bunch of amazing things, but if packaged in an abominable interface design that frustrates users, you’re setting yourself up for a failure even if your interface design is aesthetically pleasing. Your product and its user interface design needs to be as easy to use as possible and this means getting feedback through usability testing from people that fit the profile of your target users. Thankfully a number of tools exist, such as Pidoco, that allow you to easily create wireframe prototypes of your product which can be viewed, annotated and/or edited (even going as far as conducting remote usability tests) long before the coding process begins. The advantage of this approach is that is makes rectifying glaring usability and interface design flaws relatively inexpensive compared to changes that become necessary after the implementation is already finished.

Aside from the features of an app, the usability of its interface design is a key differentiating factor, and it should be considered as a unique selling proposition. There are numerous examples of products and software applications that have succeeded, not least due to their superior usability.